參考文獻 |
Alcacer, J., & Oxley, J. (2014). Learning by supplying. Strategic Management Journal, 35(2), 204-223.
Alexy, O., George, G., & Salter, A. J. (2013). Cui bono? The selective revealing of knowledge and its implications for innovative activity. Academy of Management Review, 38(2), 270-291.
Almirall, E., & Casadesus-Masanell, R. (2010). Open versus closed innovation: A model of discovery and divergence. Academy of Management Review, 35(1), 27-47.
Alnuaimi, T., & George, G. (2016). Appropriability and the retrieval of knowledge after spillovers. Strategic Management Journal, 37(7), 1263-1279.
Baldwin. (2000). Design rules: The power of modularity. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Baldwin, C. (2015). Bottlenecks, modules and dynamic architectural capabilities. Harvard Business School Working Paper, 15-028.
Bekkers, R., Catalini, C., Martinelli, A., Righi, C., & Simcoe, T. (2017). Disclosure rules and declared essential patents. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper, 23627.
Bekkers, R., Duysters, G., & Verspagen, B. (2002). Intellectual property rights, strategic technology agreements and market structure: The case of GSM. Research Policy, 31(7), 1141-1161.
Bekkers, R., & Martinelli, A. (2010). The interplay between standardization and technological change: A study on wireless technologies, technological trajectories, and essential patent claims. Paper presented at the Opening up innovation: Strategy, organization and technology of DRUID summer conference at Imperial college London business school.
Bekkers, R., & Martinelli, A. (2012). Knowledge positions in high-tech markets: Trajectories, standards, strategies and true innovators. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 79(7), 1192-1216.
Bekkers, R., Verspagen, B., & Smits, J. (2002). Intellectual property rights and standardization: The case of GSM. Telecommunications Policy, 26(3-4), 171-188.
Bekkers, R., & West, J. (2009). The limits to IPR standardization policies as evidenced by strategic patenting in UMTS. Telecommunications Policy, 33(1-2), 80-97.
Bengtsson, M., & Kock, S. (2014). Coopetition—Quo vadis? Past accomplishments and future challenges. Industrial Marketing Management, 43(2), 180-188.
Blind, K., & Thumm, N. (2004). Intellectual property protection and standardization. International Journal of IT Standards and Standardization Research (IJITSR), 2(2), 60-75.
Bogers, M. (2011). The open innovation paradox: Knowledge sharing and protection in R&D collaborations. European Journal of Innovation Management, 14(1), 93-117.
Boudreau, K. (2008). Opening the platform vs. opening the complementary good? The effect on product innovation in handheld computing. Northeastern University, Unpublished Working Paper.
Boudreau, K. (2010). Open platform strategies and innovation: Granting access vs. devolving control. Management Science, 56(10), 1849-1872.
Boudreau, K. J., & Hagiu, A. (2009). Platform rules: Multi-sided platforms as regulators. In A. Gawer (Ed.), Platforms, Markets and Innovation (pp. 163-191). UK: Edward Elgar.
Chesbrough, H. (2006). Open business models: How to thrive in the new innovation landscape: Harvard Business School Press.
Chiao, B., Lerner, J., & Tirole, J. (2005). The rules of standard setting organizations: an empirical analysis. Retrieved from
Cockburn, I. M., & Henderson, R. M. (1998). Absorptive capacity, coauthoring behavior, and the organization of research in drug discovery. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 46(2), 157-182.
Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1990). Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 15(1), 128-152.
David, P. A., & Bunn, J. A. (1988). The economics of gateway technologies and network evolution: Lessons from electricity supply history. Information Economics Policy, 3(2), 165-202.
David, P. A., & Greenstein, S. (1990). The economics of compatibility standards: An introduction to recent research. Economics of Innovation New Technology, 1(1-2), 3-41.
David, P. A., & Steinmueller, W. E. (1994). Economics of compatibility standards and competition in telecommunication networks. Information Economics and Policy, 6(3-4), 217-241.
Dokko, G., & Rosenkopf, L. (2003). Job Mobility of Technical Professionals and Firm Centrality In Wirless Standards Committees. Paper presented at the Academy of Management Proceedings.
Eisenmann, T. R., Parker, G., & Van Alstyne, M. (2009). Opening platforms: How, when and why? In A. Gawer (Ed.), Platforms, Markets and Innovation (pp. 131-162). UK: Edward Elgar.
Enkel, E., Gassmann, O., & Chesbrough, H. W. (2009). Open R&D and open innovation: Exploring the phenomenon. R&D Management, 39(4), 311-316.
European Commission. (2014). Patents and Standards: A modern framework for IPR-based standardization. European Union.
Farrell, J., & Saloner, G. (1985). Economic issues in standardization. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management Working Paper No.393.
Farrell, J., & Simcoe, T. (2007). Choosing the rules for formal standardization. Retrieved from Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto:
Fleming, L., & Sorenson, O. (2004). Science as a map in technological search. Strategic Management Journal, 25(8‐9), 909-928.
Fleming, L., & Waguespack, D. M. (2007). Brokerage, boundary spanning, and leadership in open innovation communities. Organization Science, 18(2), 165-180.
Funk, J. L. (2002). Global competition between and within standards: The case of mobile phones: Springer.
Funk, J. L., & Methe, D. T. (2001). Market-and committee-based mechanisms in the creation and diffusion of global industry standards: The case of mobile communication. Research Policy, 30(4), 589-610.
Garud, R., Jain, S., & Kumaraswamy, A. (2002). Institutional entrepreneurship in the sponsorship of common technological standards: The case of Sun Microsystems and Java. Academy of Management Journal, 45(1), 196-214.
Gawer, A., & Cusumano, M. A. (2002). Platform leadership: How Intel, Microsoft, and Cisco drive industry innovation. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Gawer, A., & Henderson, R. (2007). Platform owner entry and innovation in complementary markets: Evidence from Intel. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 16(1), 1-34.
Goodman, D. J., & Myers, R. A. (2005). 3G cellular standards and patents. Paper presented at the 2005 International conference on Wireless Networks, Communications and Mobile Computing.
Hall, B. H., Jaffe, A., & Trajtenberg, M. (2005). Market value and patent citations. RAND Journal of Economics, 16-38.
Hall, B. H., Jaffe, A. B., & Trajtenberg, M. (2001). The NBER patent citation data file: Lessons, insights and methodological tools. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper, 8498. Retrieved from https://www.nber.org/papers/w8498.pdf
He, Z. L., Lim, K., & Wong, P. K. (2006). Entry and competitive dynamics in the mobile telecommunications market. Research Policy, 35(8), 1147-1165.
Henkel, J., Baldwin, C. Y., & Shih, W. (2013). IP modularity: Profiting from innovation by aligning product architecture with intellectual property. California Management Review, 55(4), 65-82.
Holgersson, M., Granstrand, O., & Bogers, M. (2018). The evolution of intellectual property strategy in innovation ecosystems: Uncovering complementary and substitute appropriability regimes. Long Range Planning, 51(2), 303-319.
Huang, K. G., & Murray, F. E. (2009). Does patent strategy shape the long-run supply of public knowledge? Evidence from human genetics. Academy of Management Journal, 52(6), 1193-1221.
Huang, P., Ceccagnoli, M., Forman, C., & Wu, D. (2013). Appropriability mechanisms and the platform partnership decision: Evidence from enterprise software. Management Science, 59(1), 102-121.
Iansiti, M., & Levien, R. (2004). Strategy as ecology. Harvard Business Review, 82(3), 68-81.
Imai, K., & Shiu, J. M. (2011). Value chain creation and reorganization: The growth path of China’s mobile phone handset industry. In M. Kawakami & T. J. Sturgeon (Eds.), The dynamics of local learning in global value chains (pp. 43-67): Palgrave Macmillan UK.
Jacobides, M. G., Knudsen, T., & Augier, M. (2006). Benefiting from innovation: Value creation, value appropriation and the role of industry architectures. Research Policy, 35(8), 1200-1221.
Jaffe, A. B., Trajtenberg, M., & Henderson, R. (1993). Geographic localization of knowledge spillovers as evidenced by patent citations. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108(3), 577-598.
Kahin, B., & Abbate, J. (1995). Standards policy for information infrastructure: MIT Press.
Kang, B., & Motohashi, K. (2012). Determinants of Essential Intellectual Property Rights for Wireless Communications Standards: Manufacturing firms vs. non-manufacturing patentees. Retrieved from
Kang, B., & Motohashi, K. (2015). Essential intellectual property rights and inventors’ involvement in standardization. Research Policy, 44(2), 483-492.
Katila, R. (2002). New product search over time: Past ideas in their prime? Academy of Management Journal, 45(5), 995-1010.
Katila, R., & Ahuja, G. (2002). Something old, something new: A longitudinal study of search behavior and new product introduction. Academy of Management Journal, 45(6), 1183-1194.
Katz, M. L., & Shapiro, C. (1985). Network externalities, competition, and compatibility. American Economic Review, 75(3), 424-440.
Katz, M. L., & Shapiro, C. (1994). Systems competition and network effects. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 8(2), 93-115.
Kim, C., Song, J., & Nerkar, A. (2012). Learning and innovation: Exploitation and exploration trade-offs. Journal of Business Research, 65(8), 1189-1194.
Laursen, K., & Salter, A. (2006). Open for innovation: The role of openness in explaining innovation performance among UK manufacturing firms. Strategic Management Journal, 27(2), 131-150.
Laursen, K., & Salter, A. J. (2014). The paradox of openness: Appropriability, external search and collaboration. Research Policy, 43(5), 867-878.
Layne-Farrar, A. (2011). Innovative or indefensible?: An empirical assessment of patenting within standard setting. International Journal of IT Standards and Standardization Research (IJITSR), 9(2), 1-18.
Leiponen, A. E. (2008). Competing through cooperation: The organization of standard setting in wireless telecommunications. Management Science, 54(11), 1904-1919.
Lemley, M. A. (2002). Intellectual property rights and standard-setting organizations. California Law Review, 90, 1889.
Lerner, J., Tirole, J., & Strojwas, M. (2003). Cooperative marketing agreements between competitors: evidence from patent pools (0898-2937). Retrieved from
Martin, D. L., & Meyer, C. D. (2006). Patent counting, a misleading index of patent value: A critique of Goodman & Myers and its uses. Available at SSRN 949439.
Miozzo, M., Desyllas, P., Lee, H.-f., & Miles, I. (2016). Innovation collaboration and appropriability by knowledge-intensive business services firms. Research Policy, 45(7), 1337-1351.
Morris, C. R., & Ferguson, C. H. (1993). How architecture wins technology wars. Harvard Business Review, 71(2), 86-96.
Penin, J. (2005). Patents versus ex post rewards: A new look. Research Policy, 34(5), 641-656.
Perrons, R. K. (2009). The open kimono: How Intel balances trust and power to maintain platform leadership. Research Policy, 38(8), 1300-1312.
Powell, W. W., Koput, K. W., & Smith-Doerr, L. (1996). Interorganizational collaboration and the locus of innovation: Networks of learning in biotechnology. Administrative Science Quarterly, 116-145.
Raza-Ullah, T., Bengtsson, M., & Kock, S. (2014). The coopetition paradox and tension in coopetition at multiple levels. Industrial Marketing Management, 43(2), 189-198.
Rochet, J.-C., & Tirole, J. (2004). Two-sided markets: An overview. Institut d’Economie Industrielle working paper.
Rosenkopf, L., & Nerkar, A. (2001). Beyond local search: Boundary‐spanning, exploration, and impact in the optical disk industry. Strategic Management Journal, 22(4), 287-306.
Rysman, M., & Simcoe, T. (2007). Network Operators' Requirements and the Structure of Telecommunications Standards. International Journal of IT Standards Standardization Research, 5(1), 103-117.
Rysman, M., & Simcoe, T. (2008). Patents and the performance of voluntary standard-setting organizations. Management Science, 54(11), 1920-1934.
Sørensen, J. B., & Stuart, T. E. (2000). Aging, obsolescence, and organizational innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 45(1), 81-112.
Saloner, G. (1990). Economic issues in computer interface standardization. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 1(1-2), 135-156.
Shapiro, C., Carl, S., & Varian, H. R. (1998). Information rules: A strategic guide to the network economy: Harvard Business Press.
Shintaku, J., Ogawa, K., & Yoshimoto, T. (2006). Architecture-based approaches to international standardization and evolution of business models. IEC Century Challenge, 2006, 19-35.
Simcoe, T. (2003). Committees and the creation of technical standards. Unpublished working paper, University of California at Berkeley.
Simcoe, T. (2004). Delays and de Jure Standards: What Caused the Slowdown in Internet Standards Development.
Simcoe, T. (2006). Open standards and intellectual property rights. In H. W. Chesbrough, W. Vanhaverbeke, & J. West (Eds.), Open Innovation: Researching a New Paradigm (pp. 161-183). New York: Oxford University Press.
Simcoe, T. (2012). Standard setting committees: Consensus governance for shared technology platforms. American Economic Review, 102(1), 305-336.
Simcoe, T. S., Graham, S. J., & Feldman, M. P. (2009). Competing on standards? Entrepreneurship, intellectual property, and platform technologies. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 18(3), 775-816.
Stango, V. (2004). The economics of standards wars. Review of Network Economics, 3(1).
Tatsumoto, H., Ogawa, K., & Fujimoto, T. (2009). Platforms and the international division of labor: A case study on Intel’s platform business in the PC industry. In A. Gawer (Ed.), Platform, Markets and Innovation. (pp. 345-369). London, UK: Edward Elgar.
Teece, D. J. (2018). Business models and dynamic capabilities. Long Range Planning, 51(1), 40-49.
Von Burg, U. (2001). The triumph of Ethernet: Technological communities and the battle for the LAN standard: Stanford University Press.
Von Burg, U., & Kenney, M. (2000). Venture capital and the birth of the local area networking industry. Research Policy, 29(9), 1135-1155.
Wadhwa, A., Bodas Freitas, I. M., & Sarkar, M. (2017). The paradox of openness and value protection strategies: Effect of extramural R&D on innovative performance. Organization Science, 28(5), 873-893.
Wang, T., Libaers, D., & Park, H. D. (2017). The paradox of openness: How product and patenting experience affect R&D sourcing in China? Journal of Product Innovation Management, 34(3), 250-268.
Weng, C., & Daim, T. U. (2012). Structural differentiation and its implications—core/periphery structure of the technological network. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 3(4), 327-342.
West, J. (2003). How open is open enough? Melding proprietary and open source platform strategies. Research Policy, 32(7), 1259-1285.
West, J., & Dedrick, J. (2000). Innovation and control in standards architectures: The rise and fall of Japan's PC-98. Information Systems Research, 11(2), 197-216.
West, J., & Dedrick, J. (2001). Open source standardization: The rise of Linux in the network era. Knowledge, Technology Policy, 14(2), 88-112.
West, J., & Gallagher, S. (2006). Challenges of open innovation: The paradox of firm investment in open‐source software. R&D Management, 36(3), 319-331.
Zhao, K., Xia, M., & Shaw, M. J. (2005). Vertical e‐business standards and standards developing organizations: A conceptual framework. Electronic Markets, 15(4), 289-300.
|