| 英文摘要 |
From the poem “Drinking” of Tao Yuan-ming and the song “Dreamland” of Sanmao we learned that both were depicting a piece of dreamland at the bottom of everyone’s heart. At the Kobunaki Ecovillage of Ōmihachiman City, Shiga County, Japan, it was targeted to build a sustainable development, energy saving, and carbon reduction community, which up to now the residents have realized the dream of Tao Hua Yuan.
Ever since the Agricultural Development Act was implemented in January 2000, the farmland policy has been widened to “allow the farmland to be owned by farmers and to effectuate the farmland to be used for farming only”. Besides, a rule has also been stipulated for farmland used for farmhouse building. To avoid the farm houses being scattered around the farmland and affecting the rural landscape view, our government has carried out the collective farmhouse policy, hoping the farmhouse to be built in group to make the farmland ecological environment sustainable, to expand the farmland economy scale and to keep the integrity of the agricultural production environment so as to promote the public investment and to upgrade the living quality at the countryside. However, after such policy was implemented, it has become the real estate investment target of the investors on land not classified for farming purpose, and even worse was they did not coordinate with the peripheral landscape that they become fractional farmland while the farming land was not appropriate for farming, the construction plan did not bring out the countryside landscape and caused the waste of the agricultural resource. This has been completely against the legislative intention at the beginning when it was designed for “farmland to be owned by farmer and effectuate the farmland used for faming only” and made the good idea of collective farmhouse turned into a policy criticized by the public.
To look at the ecovillage all over the world, although it is hard to be self-contained fully, all tried the best not to depend on outside resource and insist not to bring harm to the environment. For example, in addition to producing rice and vegetables, the farmers can make cleaning items too. In one word, a farming behavior is required to be called an ecovillage (ecological farm). While the collective farmhouse has the community character, and farmhouse is the facility inseparable from agricultural operation, it must be combined with farmland and farming development to effectuate the goal of Three-way farming environment (produce, living, and ecology) to be the best model of the ecovillage.
This study has taken the green building evaluation manual with evaluation on community category is the main idea and expanded to farmer’s living space, to expand the ecology scope into the village ecology environment, provided the agricultural production environment where farmland is used for faming only to realize the idea of Three-Way framing environment, further to meet the implementation points of Agricultural Development Act (building of farmhouse in farmland), then it is expanded into the custom made collective farmhouse (norm of sustainable environmental evaluation of collective farmhouse). The purpose of building up the norm is hoping to attract more part-time farmers to get involved in such project and keep developing farming operation and realize the dream of ecovillage.
This study has taken the project of Giethoorn Village of Shanhua as example and the evaluation was based on sustainable environmental development norm, and then get a conclusion from the evaluation results to offer the relevant suggestions as future reference for supervising departments of collective farmhouse when discussing and improving the related law and implementation of the present collective farmhouse.
To apply the Collective Farmhouse through this study must have a complete evaluation mechanism. In the future, in addition to the existing laws and regulations, to apply the Collective Farmhouse, it is suggested to add in the following items: To set up community council, to submit the agricultural operation plan (by the Community Council) and to proceed with all kinds of evaluations - the self-evaluation and re-evaluation of collective farmhouse; the software to be submitted before the application (Community Council and Agricultural Operation Plan), and the plan of hardware (Building Permit). Finally, it is the examination of the indication through Collective Farmhouse Evaluation. Only under the strict check one after another, can it be possible for collective farmhouse to issue the building permit to build the farmland a sustainable ecovillage.
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